The New Asian Journal of Medicine is an online, open-access, international, peer-reviewed journal that publishes original research and reviews in all fields of medicine. For now, the New Asian Journal of Medicine will publish all articles for free. This is intended to encourage researchers to submit articles to our newly launched journal. The new Asian Journal of Medicine aims to be one of the leading medical journals in Asia. Address: Doha, Qatar Email: support@mailing.najmed.org
Surgical and Anesthesiologic Perspectives on Modern Treatment Approaches of Liver Hydatid Cysts: Surgeon and Anesthesiologist Point of View
Liver hydatid cysts remain a significant surgical and anesthetic challenge, requiring a multidisciplinary approach for optimal management. Advances in imaging have improved diagnostic accuracy, particularly in challenging locations such as the hepatic dome, reducing misdiagnoses and guiding precise surgical interventions. Surgical strategies must balance cyst eradication, preservation of hepatic function, and prevention of complications, especially in emergency settings where early intervention significantly impacts outcomes. Anesthesiologic considerations, including fluid management, anaphylaxis prevention, and intraoperative monitoring, are equally critical in ensuring patient safety during these procedures. Drawing on extensive clinical experience and research, this editorial explores the evolving surgical and anesthetic perspectives in liver hydatid cyst treatment, emphasizing the importance of seamless collaboration between surgeons and anesthesiologists to optimize patient care and reduce morbidity.
Surgery, Anesthesiology, Liver Hydatid Cysts
Copyright (c) 2024 Mohamed Ali Chaouch, Mohamed Aziz Daghmouri (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Quadriceps and Hamstring Strength Recovery Following Different ACL Reconstruction Techniques: A Scoping Review of Graft Choices and Rehabilitation Protocols
Background: Despite extensive research on anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) outcomes, comprehensive synthesis of strength recovery and functional performance across different graft choices remains limited. Objective: To systematically analyze quadriceps and hamstring strength recovery and functional performance outcomes following different ACLR graft choices (hamstring tendon [HT], quadriceps tendon [QT], bone-patellar tendon-bone [BPTB], anterior tibialis tendon [ATT]) and rehabilitation protocols. Methods: Following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, systematic searches were conducted across MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and Cochrane databases (January 2017-December 2024). Twenty-eight studies met inclusion criteria, examining strength outcomes in adult patients after primary ACLR using HT, QT, BPTB, or ATT grafts. Results: Our review revealed that isokinetic dynamometry was the primary assessment method (82. 14% of studies), with testing most frequently performed at 60°/s (46. 15%), 180°/s (21. 15%), and 240°/s (17. 31%). HT autografts were most commonly utilized (47. 92%), followed by QT (14. 58%), BPTB (12. 50%), and ATT (4. 17%). At 7 months post-ACLR, no surgical group achieved the clinical benchmark of 90% limb symmetry index (LSI) for quadriceps strength. HT recipients demonstrated greater hamstring deficits, while QT and BPTB recipients showed more pronounced quadriceps weakness. Combined eccentric-plyometric training produced superior strength gains compared to either modality alone during early rehabilitation (p<0. 05). Single-leg hop testing revealed comparable performance between HT and QT recipients, though both groups showed significant deficits versus controls (p<0. 01). Conclusions: Different ACLR graft choices demonstrate distinct strength recovery patterns. Combined rehabilitation protocols incorporating progressive strength training and neuromuscular exercises optimize outcomes. Return-to-sport decisions should consider multiple objective criteria including strength symmetry (LSI>90%) and functional performance rather than time alone. Future research should establish comprehensive, evidence-based return-to-sport testing protocols for minimizing reinjury risk.
Copyright (c) 2025 Wiem Issaoui, Wissem Dhahbi, Ismail Dergaa, Hatem Ghouili, Mourad Ghrairi, Wassim Moalla (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Relation between cardiac conduction disturbances and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the south Indian population
Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is known to increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases, including coronary artery disease and structural cardiac defects. Studies have suggested an association between NAFLD and atrial fibrillation, particularly in patients with advanced NAFLD and liver fibrosis. This study aimed to explore the potential link between NAFLD and cardiac conduction disturbances (CCDs), focusing on arrhythmias and other related factors. Methods: This observational study was conducted over three months at a tertiary care hospital in Southern India. Participants were selected based on their health screening results and divided into two groups: Group 1 (NAFLD) and Group 2 (Non-NAFLD). All participants underwent ultrasound for NAFLD diagnosis and 12-lead ECG to assess cardiac rhythm abnormalities. Data on demographics, comorbidities, body mass index (BMI), lipid profiles, and other relevant factors were collected. Frequencies and types of CCDs were compared between the two groups. Results: In a study of 178 patients undergoing preventive health screening, 105 (59.0%) were diagnosed with NAFLD. The mean age was 44.9±12.7 years, with 59.6% being male. Patients with NAFLD were older (46.5±11.6 vs. 42.6±13.8 years) and had higher rates of overweight BMI (66.7% vs. 42.5%, p=0.003) and arterial hypertension (31.4% vs. 17.8%, p=0.041) compared to those without NAFLD. No significant differences were found in the frequencies of diabetes mellitus or impaired glucose tolerance. Blood tests showed elevated serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase levels in the NAFLD group (36.37±28.04 vs. 28.23±21.28 IU/L, p=0.038). CCDs occurred in eight patients (4.5%), with no significant difference between NAFLD and non-NAFLD groups (4.8% vs. 4.1%, p=1.000). Logistic regression analysis showed no significant association between NAFLD and CCDs, both in univariate analysis (odds-ratio (OR)=0.86, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.20-3.70, p=0.836) and multivariable analysis (OR=0.96, 95%CI: 0.20-4.70, p=0.962). Conclusion: NAFLD, in the absence of significant cardiac comorbidities, does not appear to be associated with CCDs. These findings suggest that routine electrocardiographic screening for conduction abnormalities in asymptomatic NAFLD patients without pre-existing cardiac conditions may not be clinically justified. Healthcare resources should focus on comprehensive cardiovascular risk management and established metabolic risk factors rather than routine cardiac rhythm monitoring in this population. However, vigilance should be maintained for patients with advanced NAFLD or significant comorbidities.
Atrial Fibrillation; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; NAFLD; RBBB
Copyright (c) 2025 Harsh Jain, Emmanuel Bhaskar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Frequency of Canines’ Impaction: A Radiographic Study Using Orthopantomograms Among a North African Population
Background. Canines represent the keystone of dentition since they maintain the harmony of occlusion and play a major role in dentofacial esthetics. These functions may be altered by several etiologies such as canines’ impaction (CI). Objective. To investigate the frequency and patterns of CI in a Tunisian population. Methods. This was a descriptive retrospective study conducted in the Dental Medicine Department (Fattouma Bourguiba Hospital of Monastir, Tunisia). Patients with a minimum age of 14 years, consulting between January 2013 and December 2022, were included. Orthopantomograms were retrieved for all the consultants. Impacted maxillary canines were classified in terms of tooth direction and position using a validated classification system. Pathologies associated with impacted canines were recorded. Results. Among the 6462 orthopantomograms analyzed, 136 patients (2.1%) presented CI with no significant difference between males (31.6%) and females (68.4%) (p=0.08). The number of impacted canines was 167 with a statistical difference between arches (73% and 10.5% in the maxilla and the mandible, respectively) (p<0.01), but no significant difference between the left and the right sides (p=0.84). The most common number of impacted canines was one (79.4%). The most common type of impacted maxillary canines was type IV and II (33.5%). One patient was diagnosed with a follicular cyst associated and 12 cases of transmigrated upper impacted canines were found. Conclusion. Impacted maxillary canine is one of the most common and confusing issues that a dentist can face in his daily practice. Early radiographic examination and diagnosis are essential to identify CI.
Copyright (c) 2024 Soumaya Zaalouni, Sinda Yacoub, Wala Guesmi, Salwa Ben Menaa, Nouha Dammak, Mohamed Ben Khelifa (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Comparative Analysis of Barium Follow Through with CT Enterography and Magnetic Resonance Enterography in Radiological Diagnostics: A narrative review of literature
Background: Radiological imaging is fundamental in diagnosing gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, with Barium Follow Through (BFT) and Magnetic Resonance Enterography (MRE) being prominent modalities. While BFT employs barium sulfate and X-ray imaging, MRE utilizes MRI technology, offering superior soft tissue contrast and multiplanar imaging without radiation. Objective: This narrative review aims to compare BFT and MRE in GI diagnostics, emphasizing their technical methodologies, diagnostic efficacy, patient safety, economic implications, and clinical applications. Methods: A literature search was conducted across reputable databases using specified keywords. Studies comparing BFT and MRE in GI diagnostics were analyzed for a comprehensive understanding of their comparative strengths and limitations. Results: MRE demonstrated higher sensitivity and specificity, particularly in detecting inflammatory bowel disease and small bowel tumors, while BFT remained valuable for assessing structural abnormalities despite challenges in detecting subtle mucosal abnormalities. Patient safety considerations favored MRE due to its radiation-free nature, though contraindications such as claustrophobia existed. Economically, while BFT was initially perceived as more cost-effective, MRE's higher reimbursement rates and diagnostic accuracy offered long-term benefits. Conclusion: This review provides valuable insights into the comparative strengths and limitations of BFT and MRE, facilitating informed decision-making and optimizing imaging strategies in clinical practice. Interdisciplinary collaboration is essential for improving diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes in GI disorders.
Copyright (c) 2024 Anas Hamdoun, Zuhair Ali, Abdelmoneim Alattaya (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Revolutionizing Low Back Pain Management : A Paradigm Shift from “Posture Correction” to “Posture Change”.
Background: Non-specific low back pain (NSLBP) affects approximately 80% of adults worldwide, posing significant health and socioeconomic challenges. Traditional management strategies focused on static posture correction, but recent advancements suggest a shift towards dynamic posture change using the joint-by-joint training approach (JBJA). Objective: This review aimed to examine the JBJA model, which seeks to enhance mobility, stability, and motor control by viewing the body as a series of alternating mobile and stable joints. Methods: The JBJA model views the body as a series of alternating mobile and stable joints. This review examines studies that compare the effectiveness of dynamic interventions promoting movement variability and task-specific postural adaptations versus static posture correction. Results: Studies revealed that interventions promoting movement variability and task-specific postural adaptations are more effective in reducing pain and improving function compared to traditional static posture correction methods. Conclusion: The focus on dynamic posture change emphasizes individualized assessment and interventions, aligning with contemporary pain science. Clinicians should prioritize exercises that enhance movement quality, such as promoting hip and thoracic mobility, and educate patients on postural variability. Further research is needed, but the JBJA model shows promise for more effective NSLBP management.
Copyright (c) 2024 Wissem Dhahbi, Johnny Padulo, Tea Bešlija , Laurence Cheze (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Utilization of GPT Technology to Enable Optimization of Astronaut Health During Planetary Missions
ChatGPT, GPT-4, large language model, AI in space
Copyright (c) 2024 Ethan Waisberg, Joshua Ong, Mouayad Masalkhi, Nasif Zaman, Prithul Sarker, Andrew G. Lee, Alireza Tavakkoli (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The medical experimentation on prisoners: a look back at an ethical debate dating back a century
Background. Historically, prisoners have been exploited for the benefit of states and medical-pharmaceutical institutions under various justifications. Aim. This review examines some facets of medical experimentation on prisoners (MEoP), considering the historical course of events, the politico-economic factors that motivated these practices, and the evolution of the jurisdiction in place. Methods. Narrative review. Results. The analysis highlights the complicit role of doctors who engaged in these practices as well as the involvement of states. The examples provided illustrate the extent of abuses that marked the Second-World-War and continued after its end. Despite legislative restrictions, countless ethical issues continue to fuel debates on the attributes of MEoP, such as those related to scientific publication or inducement through remuneration. Conclusion. Despite the implementation of various preventive measures in the form of laws and regulations, the exploitation of prisoners in medical research remains a major concern internationally because their multifactorial vulnerability makes them the preferred target of medical research investigators.
Copyright (c) 2024 Meriem GADDAS, Helmi Ben Saad (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Silent Epidemic in the Shadows of War: Urgent Calls for Ceasefire and International Action Against MDROs in Gaza strip (Palestine)
Copyright (c) 2024 Hind Alashi, Ismail Dergaa, Mohamed Amine Rejeb, Omar M. Aboumarzouk, Abdelfatteh El Omri (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Evaluating the Applicability and Appropriateness of ChatGPT as a Source for Tailored Nutrition Advice: A Multi-Scenario Study
Background: In the rapidly evolving domain of healthcare technology, the integration of advanced computational models has opened up new possibilities for personalized nutrition guidance. The emergence of sophisticated language models, such as Chat Generative Pre-training Transformer (ChatGPT), offers potential in providing interactive and tailored dietary advice. However, concerns remain about the applicability and appropriateness of ChatGPT's recommendations, especially for those with distinct health conditions. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the reliability of ChatGPT as a source of nutritional advice. Methods: Three hypothetical scenarios representing various health conditions were presented alongside precise dietary requirements. ChatGPT was tasked to generate personalized dietary programs, encompassing meal timing, specific caloric portions (measured in grams and spoons), as well as alternative meal options for each scenario. Following this, ChatGPT’s generated dietary programs underwent a thorough review by a multidisciplinary team of nutritionist, specialist physicians and clinical researchers. The evaluation focused on the programs' suitability, alignment with dietary standards, consideration of individual health factors, and additional guidance Safety. Results: ChatGPT demonstrated its ability to generate various options of meal plans in accordance with basic nutrition principles. However, there are apparent issues with the recommended individual macronutrient distribution, handling health conditions, drug interactions, and setting realistic weight loss goals. Conclusions: While ChatGPT exhibits promise as a dietary program generator, its application for intervention should be restricted to certified nutrition professionals. Until July 2023, it is not advisable for patients to engage in self-prescription using ChatGPT version 3.5, owing to its inability to provide professional knowledge and acceptable guidance, particularly for individuals with co-existing conditions. The prevailing absence of clinical reasoning highlights the importance of employing ChatGPT solely as a tool, rather than relying on it as an autonomous decision-maker. Its lack of clinical reasoning highlighted the need for human intervention and expert collaboration for precise personalized evaluations.
Copyright (c) 2024 Ismail Dergaa, Helmi Ben Saad, Hatem Ghouili, Jordan M Glenn, Abdelfatteh El Omri, Ines Slim, Yosra Hasni, Morteza Taheri, Mohamed Ben Aissa, Noomen Guelmami, Ramzi Al-Horani, Jad Adrian Washif, Sheikh Shoib, Osamah Mohammed Alyasiri, Leonardo Jose Mataruna-Dos-Santos, Régina Ferreira Alves, Halil Ibrahim Ceylan, Sarya Swed, Najim Z Alshahrani, Nasr Chalghaf, Haijiang Dai, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, Karim Chamari (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Comparative Analysis of Barium Enema and Computed Tomography Colonography
Background: Large bowel lesions present a diagnostic challenge, with both benign polyps and colorectal cancer requiring accurate identification for effective treatment. Traditional diagnostic methods, notably barium enema (BE), have been hampered by limitations in sensitivity and patient comfort. This necessitates a critical evaluation of more advanced methods, such as computed tomography colonography (CTC), to improve diagnostic outcomes. Objective: This review narrative aimed to (i) conduct a thorough comparative analysis of BE and CTC, specifically concentrating on their diagnostic efficacy, patient experiences, and versatility in diverse clinical settings and (ii) provide clinicians with in-depth insights and actionable recommendations, aimed at enhancing the strategies for imaging and diagnosing large bowel lesions, as well as aiding in the effective setup and planning of diagnostic services. Methods: We conducted an exhaustive literature review across multiple databases including PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library. The selection criteria focused on studies that directly compared BE and CTC. We examined aspects such as diagnostic accuracy, patient experiences during the procedures, and their economic impact on healthcare systems. Results: The findings indicate a marked superiority of CTC over BE in terms of diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, particularly in polyp detection. CTC is shown to be more patient-centric, offering enhanced comfort and suitability, especially for vulnerable groups like the elderly and patients with conditions like renal insufficiency. Furthermore, the integration of CTC with ongoing technological advancements and adherence to contemporary clinical guidelines highlights its pivotal role in current preventive healthcare strategies. The application of CTC presents substantial benefits for long-term patient safety and demonstrates cost-effectiveness, making it a preferential choice for adoption in the radiology departments of new healthcare institutions. Conclusion: CTC stands out as a superior diagnostic tool for large bowel lesions, surpassing BE in effectiveness, patient comfort, and economic viability. It is in harmony with modern healthcare practices and is particularly advantageous in settings with ample resources. This review strongly supports a shift towards CTC in clinical settings, to enhance the quality of patient care and outcomes in the detection and management of colorectal lesions.
Copyright (c) 2024 Zuhair Ali, Anas Hamdoun (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Psychological Impact of Ramadan Fasting: Insights for General Population and Athletes
Academic Achievement, Mental health, Person Centred-Approach, Positive Psychology, Profiling
Copyright (c) 2024 Karim `Chamari, Rama Kamal, Vidya Mohamed-Ali, Mohammad Al-Maadheed (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Public Health in Peril: Assessing the Impact of Ongoing Conflict in Gaza Strip (Palestine) and Advocating Immediate Action to Halt Atrocities
Background: The protracted Israel-Palestine conflict has once again escalated, resulting in a dire humanitarian crisis in Gaza Strip (Palestine). This brief report aims to provide an objective overview of the historical roots of the conflict, its impact on public health, and a call to action to end the ongoing atrocities. Methods: A literature search was conducted on PubMed, focusing on the period after the recent escalation in October 2023. Seven relevant papers were identified, serving as primary sources for this analysis. Results: We begin by presenting an unbiased historical account of the Israel-Palestine conflict and tracing its origins to the late 19th and early 20th centuries. This historical context forms the foundation for comprehending the current crisis and the urgent appeal for humanitarian intervention. The escalating violence has placed immense strain on the healthcare system in Gaza Strip (Palestine), resulting in overwhelmed hospitals, critically low medical supplies, and severe hardships for healthcare workers. Furthermore, the civilian population, especially children, bears the brunt of the conflict, with high casualties and long-term trauma. Urgent calls for a ceasefire, protection of civilians, and the immediate delivery of humanitarian aid are emphasized. Finally, the necessity of addressing these issues through an objective academic lens is emphasized to foster a deeper understanding of multifaceted conflict. Conclusion: The catastrophic impact of ongoing conflict in the Gaza Strip (Palestine) on public health is undeniable. Immediate action is imperative to halt atrocities, protect civilian lives, and support medical personnel in their life-saving mission. The call for an objective evaluation of the complex factors at play transcends historical grievances and political differences.
Doctors Without Frontiers, Emergency, Genocide, Global Health, Humanitarian Crisis, Peace, Violence, War
Copyright (c) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Aspetar Clinical Guideline: Ramadan Fasting and Exercise for Healthy Individuals
During the Islamic holy month of Ramadan, healthy adult Muslims observe fasting as an integral part of their religious practice. This dawn to dust daily fasting regimen for over 29-30 days involves strict adherence to various lifestyle aspects, including nutrition, hydration, and sleep patterns, which can potentially influence physical performance. It is often observed that Ramadan fasting may deter athletes from training and participating in competitions, and it can also discourage the general community from engaging in physical exercise. This situation can place practicing Muslim athletes at a competitive disadvantage. Therefore, the objective of this clinical guideline was to offer practical recommendations, supported by consensus from an expert panel, for healthy athletes and their support teams on how to effectively adapt their behavioural, social, and psychological strategies to cope with the changes and constraints imposed by Ramadan fasting. The scope of these recommendations extends beyond merely prescribing appropriate exercise routines during the month of Ramadan, but also encompassing considerations like scheduling, intensity, duration, exercise type, and training load. Additionally, the recommendations address various aspects of lifestyle, including nutrition, hydration, and sleep, while also delving into psychosocial and cognitive facets related to Ramadan fasting. It is important to emphasize that these recommendations are intended for healthy individuals. Patients with chronic illnesses should consult their healthcare providers to ensure that they can safely practice Ramadan fasting.
Athlete Performance; Chronobiology; Exercise; Expert Panel Consensus; Health and Fitness; Hydration; Lifestyle Recommendations; Nutrition; Sleep
Evolving Visions: A Comprehensive Review of Contemporary and Emerging Technologies in Anterior Segment Imaging
Background: The anterior segment of the eye, which includes the cornea, iris, ciliary body, and lens, has always been critical for vision. Over the years, imaging of this segment has significantly evolved, with the development of various modalities to aid in the diagnosis and management of ocular conditions. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of these contemporary imaging modalities. Methods: A thorough literature review was conducted, focusing on the technical aspects and clinical applications of various imaging modalities, including slit-lamp biomicroscopy, anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT), ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM), Scheimpflug imaging, corneal topography and tomography, in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM), specular microscopy, and anterior segment photography and videography. Results: Each imaging modality offers unique advantages and has specific applications in diagnosing and managing various ocular conditions. Emerging technologies, such as intense pulse light (IPL), contoured prism spectacle lenses, smartphone-based imaging, artificial intelligence (AI), and adaptive optics show promise in revolutionizing anterior segment imaging. Conclusion: The advancements in anterior segment imaging have significantly improved our ability to diagnose and manage ocular conditions. These technologies offer practical implications in improving patient outcomes, enhancing clinical efficiency, and opening new avenues for research. As we continue to refine these technologies and develop new ones, we can expect to see further improvements in patient care.
Adaptive Optics, Artificial Intelligence, Corneal Ectasia, Diagnostic Applications, Glaucoma, Intense Pulse Light, Keratoconus, Smartphone-based Imaging, Specular Microscopy, Ultrasound Biomicroscopy
Moving Beyond the Stigma: Understanding and Overcoming the Resistance to the Acceptance and Adoption of Artificial Intelligence Chatbots
Artificial intelligence chatbots may fundamentally transform academic research, automate mundane tasks, and enhance productivity. However, the integration of artificial intelligence chatbots (AIc) is impeded by a complex stigma deeply rooted in individuals’ misconceptions and apprehension, including concerns about academic integrity, job displacement, data privacy, and algorithmic bias. The aim of this study was to scrutinize the origins and impacts of the stigma associated with artificial intelligence chatbots within the realm of academic research and to propose strategies to mitigate such stigmas. This study draws parallels between the reception of artificial intelligence chatbots and previous transformative technologies, presenting case studies illustrating the spectrum of responses to the integration of artificial intelligence chatbots into academic research. This study identifies the need for a shift in mindset from perceiving artificial intelligence chatbots as threats to recognizing them as facilitators of efficiency and innovation. It also underscores the importance of understanding these models as tools that aid researchers but do not replace the need for human expertise and judgment. We further highlighted the role of education, transparency, regulation, and ethical guidelines in overcoming the stigma associated with artificial intelligence chatbots. Given how adaptable people are, the surrounding stigma will likely fade with time. We support a cooperative strategy with continuing education and discussion to maximize the benefits of artificial intelligence chatbots while minimizing their drawbacks, hopefully paving the way for their ethical and successful application in scholarly research.
Academic AI, AI Ethics, AI Misconceptions, AI Stigma, Algorithmic Bias, Chatbot Adoption, Research Innovation, Technology Resistance
A Comparative Analysis of ChatGPT and Google’s AI’s “Bard” in Medicine
Background: Bard AI, an AI chatbot developed by Google, emerged as a response to the success of OpenAI's ChatGPT. Bard utilizes natural language processing and machine learning techniques to emulate human-like dialogue. Objectives: In this paper, we wanted to compare the Bard’s performance to that of ChatGPT at various medical and surgical related tasks. Methods: The responses generated were then examined by three doctors based at three different institutions to compare the performance of each AI chatbot for each specific prompt. Results: Bard had the ability to generate a discharge summary, summarize medical literature, and recommend relevant medical guidelines. However, Bard’s generated responses were not always clinically appropriate and contained both minor and major errors. Bard and ChatGPT will likely be followed by even more capable AI systems. Conclusions: As these new tools are released it is important that they be viewed cautiously, ensuring that patient safety remains the fundamental priority.
Knowledge and attitudes of Syrian medical students regarding robotic surgery: A cross sectional study
Background: Robotic surgery represents a significant advancement in modern medical procedures, offering enhanced precision, control, and flexibility beyond human capabilities. Despite its growing prominence globally, the adoption and perception of robotic surgery in various regions, particularly in countries like Syria remain underexplored. Objectives: The purpose of this research was to investigate the knowledge and attitudes of Syrian Arab republic medical students concerning robotic surgery. Methods: An online cross-sectional study was conducted in Syria from 5 April to 17 may, 2022. The research included undergraduate medical students from government and private Syrian universities. The questionnaire was taken from a previous study and then modified to suit Syrian students, which was used to assess attitudes about robotic surgery. Results: 862 medical students from governmental (92.2%) and private (7.8%) medical colleges filled out the online survey. 40.8% were interested in surgery specialties and, nearly half (46.3%) considered themselves as no tech-savvy persons. However, just 22.6% had prior robotic surgical knowledge, where the largest source of knowledge was the internet. A majority of the students (57.3%) had a favorable attitude toward robotic surgery, and 59.1% of them believed that the use of robots will lead to improvements in the results of surgical procedures. 40% of the participants considered that Syrian patients would not accept it. Furthermore, 40% were worried that robots could take the place of surgeons in the future, and (50.6%) believe this might make surgeons weak, hesitant, and less professional. Conclusion: A large number of medical students in Syria have no experience with robotic surgery and know nothing about the procedures. Several recommendations should be made to improve clinical teaching using modern technology and robotic surgery, particularly for medical students interested in surgery.
Shaping North-African Public Health Decisions: A Latent Class Analysis of Social Media's Influence on Attitudes and Behaviors Towards COVID-19 Vaccines
Background: The global crisis brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the crucial role of vaccines in public health. However, the success of vaccination campaigns is not solely determined by the availability of vaccines but also by public willingness to receive them. In North Africa, the variability in vaccine acceptance has raised concerns, drawing attention to the need for understanding the factors influencing public attitudes. Objectives: To identify the impact of the information consumption modalities related to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its vaccines, on the vaccine uptake decision among social media users. Also, to study the relationships between vaccination attitudes, and latent subgroups, in terms of socio-demographic variables, fear of COVID-19 and perceived stress. Method: A total of 723 subjects (males: 48.8%; mean±standard deviation of age: 31±11 years), participated in our survey prepared online on the Google Forms application via the platforms Twitter and Facebook. Results: Five latent classes were identified by the analysis: Class 1 (mixed consumers), class 2 (largest consumers of social media), class 3 (consumers of official information), class 4 (low consumers of information on the vaccine), and class 5 (social media consumers and information verifiers). The subgroup that is knowledgeable about COVID-19 pandemic and its vaccines, and which consumes the most information about the vaccine from official sources, is the one with the highest vaccine acceptance rate. In addition, the hesitant attitude towards the COVID-19 vaccine was linked to gender and mask wearing, while refusal behavior was linked to age, female gender, education level, mask wearing, and fear of COVID-19. Conclusion: This study's investigation into the impact of social media on public attitudes and behaviors towards COVID-19 vaccines in North Africa has significant implications for both public health strategy and policy. By identifying distinct latent classes based on social media usage patterns, the research reveals a complex landscape of factors influencing vaccine hesitancy in the region. The nuanced understanding derived from these findings is crucial for the development of more effective public health messaging, tailored to address the specific concerns and misinformation trends prevalent within each identified group. The insights gained from this study can guide policymakers in allocating resources more effectively, particularly in areas exhibiting higher levels of vaccine hesitancy.
Joining Hands for Better Health: The Inception of the New Asian Journal of Medicine
Asia; Ethics; Health; Illness; Medical Knowledge; Open Access; Peer-Review; Medicine; Public Health
Dengue Outbreak in Pakistan: Impact on Global Mass Gathering Events?
Retrospective Analysis of Haematological Abnormalities in Older Diabetic Patients with COVID-19
Background: Understanding the severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in elderly diabetic patients is crucial, considering the impact of age, comorbidities, and clinical biomarkers. However, the assessment of common haematological markers in this specific population remains limited. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study involving 27 elderly patients (mean age: 61.81±7.14 years) with COVID-19 infection. We analysed the medical e-records of COVID-19 positive patients who presented to a COVID-19 centre in Qatar in July 2020. Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction was used to confirm COVID-19 infection using throat-swab upper respiratory samples. Clinical haematological parameters were analysed and compared with normal ranges. Results: Among the 27 patients investigated, 51.85% were male. A low viral load (cycle threshold (Ct) ≥ 30) was observed in 7.4% of patients, while 92.59% had a high viral load (Ct < 30). At presentation, 59.25% of patients were symptomatic. The observed haematological abnormalities ranked in descending order of frequency were as follows: high red blood cell counts, and high mean platelet volume (52% each), high platelet distribution width (48%), low haemoglobin values, and low haematocrit values (22% each), leukopenia, neutropenia, and lymphopenia (15% each), thrombocytosis, thrombocytopenia, leucocytosis, and neutrophilia (7% each), and lymphocytosis (4%). Conclusion: Our study highlights the common occurrence of haematological abnormalities in older diabetic patients with COVID-19 infection. Monitoring haematological parameters may be valuable in managing these patients, especially in severe cases, and could facilitate early identification of individuals requiring intensive care, potentially reducing mortality.
Geriatric Medicine; Public Health; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Risk Factor; SARS-CoV-2; Symptomatic Infection; Thrombocytopenia; Viral Load
From Tradition to Science: Unravelling the Mysteries of Wet Cupping Therapy for Modern Healthcare
Background. Wet cupping therapy (WCT) is an ancient therapeutic practice involving suction cups and controlled incisions. It is widely used in traditional and complementary medicine systems for treating diverse conditions. This narrative review aimed to summarize the current evidence on the effects of WCT and provide an overview of its therapeutic potential. Methods. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases to identify studies published from January 2000 to March 2023, evaluating the therapeutic effects of WCT in various health conditions. The retrieved studies were critically reviewed and analyzed to identify key findings. Results. The findings suggest that WCT has potential therapeutic effects across different health conditions. It has been reported to alleviate pain, reduce inflammation, modulate the immune response, improve blood circulation, and enhance overall well-being. Efficacy of WCT has been demonstrated in managing musculoskeletal disorders (e.g., low back pain, rheumatoid arthritis), respiratory conditions (e.g., asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), and mental health issues (e.g., anxiety, sleep quality). Additionally, WCT has shown promise as a complementary therapy for metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and infertility. Conclusion. WCT exhibits potential benefits as a traditional therapeutic modality. Accumulated evidence suggests it can provide symptomatic relief, improve quality of life, and complement conventional treatments. However, it is important to acknowledge the limitations of the reviewed studies. The absence of a standardized cup placement protocol hinders determining optimal placement for specific health conditions. Further investigation considering anatomical descriptions and individual variations is necessary to enhance treatment effectiveness. Moreover, the underlying mechanisms of WCT's therapeutic effects are still hypothetical, warranting more direct and accurate evidence. Future research should focus on elucidating these mechanisms to establish a comprehensive understanding of WCT's effects.
Al-Hijamah, Complementary Therapies, Holistic Health, Integrative Medicine, Therapeutics, Traditional Medicine, Treatment Outcome
Multidimensional Assessment of Student Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Latent Profile Analysis Integrating Positive Psychology
Background: The mental health of young adults, especially university students, has become an increasingly concerning issue. In order to develop targeted interventions and support initiatives, it is essential to comprehend distinct mental health profiles and identify vulnerable groups among Tunisian university students. This study aimed to achieve three main objectives: (a) to empirically identify different profiles of mental health among young adults in Tunisia, based on a person-centred approach using the dual-factor model of mental health, (b) to outline the identified profiles, which incorporate both psychopathological symptoms and indicators of positive subjective well-being, across sociodemographic and academic achievement factors, and (c) to establish predictors of these profiles. Methods: Cross-sectional data was collected from a cohort of teenage Tunisian university students (n = 1185, 54% females), aged between 18 to 24 years old (Mean = 21.10; SD = 2.02). Participants completed an online survey, which included assessments of socio-demographic characteristics, academic achievement, stress, depression, anxiety, spiritual well-being, life satisfaction, and happiness. Results: Analysis of latent profiles revealed the existence of three distinct mental health classes. The first profile (21.1%) represented individuals with poor mental health. The second profile (42.5%) consisted of individuals with moderate mental health, and the third profile (36.4%) comprised individuals with good mental health. Significant differences were found between these three classes regarding family income and academic completion (p<0.01 and p<0.001, respectively). Multinomial logistic regression analysis provided Odds Ratios (OR) with Confidence Intervals (CI), revealing that the poor mental health class was associated with low family income (OR: 3.28; 95% CI: 1.90–5.63) and failed academic achievement (OR: 46; 68% CI: 28.23–77.20). Additionally, the moderate mental health class was linked to low family income (OR: 1.88; 95% CI: 1.30–2.72), living with family (OR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.49–0.99), and failed academic achievement (OR: 1.50; 95% CI: 1.06–2.11). However, no significant associations were found for middle family income (OR: 1.27; 95% CI: 0.93–1.74) and dwelling in university residence (OR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.60–1.10) as predictors. Conclusion: This study revealed that a considerable number of university students aged 18 to 24 were vulnerable to mental health issues, irrespective of gender and age. However, students belonging to classes with low incomes and those who did not pass exams were identified as the most vulnerable groups. It is crucial to pay particular attention to these students and provide appropriate support and interventions.
Injury Prevention, Optimized Training and Rehabilitation: How Is AI Reshaping the Field of Sports Medicine
Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to develop the field of sports medicine. It can be used to improve injury prevention by analyzing player performance data, biomechanical factors and physiological indicators to identify injury risk and develop personalized prevention programs. Likewise, AI can improve training strategies by analyzing data and performance metrics to create individualized and precise training programs, optimizing intensity and duration while avoiding overtraining. Additionally, AI can redefine rehabilitation by dynamically influencing rehabilitation programs, providing real-time feedback, and customizing therapies based on individual recovery. In this editorial we present in detail the benefits of AI in these three areas and we discuss ethical considerations for using AI as a powerful tool in an appropriate way.
Athletics, Injury Risk, Kinesiology, Machine Learning, Smart Watch, Training Load
Impact of Comorbidities on the Risk of Death and Intensive Care Admission in COVID-19 Patients Hospitalized in a North-African Center
Background: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed significant challenges to global health, with variations in outcomes among affected individuals. Comorbidities are known to influence the prognosis of various diseases, but their specific impact on COVID-19 patients in North-African settings remains to be elucidated. To evaluate the risk of death and intensive care unit (ICU) transfer in patients with COVID-19 by stratifying on comorbidity status. Methods: Data of confirmed hospitalized patients at the university hospital of Kairouan (Tunisia) between September 2020 and August 2021 were collected. Composite endpoints including admission to an ICU or death were analysed. The risk of reaching the composite endpoint was compared according to the presence and number of comorbidities. Kaplan-Meir methods and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to study the time to composite endpoint and estimate its prognostic factors. Results: A total of 866 patients were included. The mean age was 65 ± 14 years. Most common comorbidities were arterial hypertension (41.1%) and diabetes mellitus (31.2%). Overall, 316 (36.5%) patients reached the composite endpoint: 263(30.4%) patients died and 53 (6.1%) were admitted to the ICU. Cardiovascular disease and chronic renal failure were associated with higher risk of reaching the composite endpoints. Conclusion: COVID-19 patients with comorbidities were more likely to experience severe outcomes. Aggressive strategies to control the COVID-19 pandemic should target patients with chronic diseases, especially cardiovascular disease, and chronic renal failure, as a priority.
Arterial Hypertension, Comorbidity, Diabetes Mellitus, Hospital Mortality, Intensive Care Units, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Proportional Hazards Models, SARS-CoV-2, Tunisia